Objective: To determine the effects of bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMCs) on excisional and incisional wound healing in an animal model on lamb. Design- Experimental Study. Animals- Twelve healthy male lambs Procedures: Animals were randomized into four groups of three animals each. In CONTROL animals, the created wounds were left untreated receiving 100 µL PBS. In BMMC group, the created wounds were treated with 100 µL BMMCs (2× 106 cells/100 µL) aliquots, injected into margins of the wounds. In chitosan group the created wounds were dressed with chitosan biofilm. In BMMC/chitosan group the created wounds were treated with 100 µL BMMCs (2× 106 cells/100 µL) aliquots and dressed with chitosan biofilm. In excisional wound model, planimetric studies were carried out to determine wound area reduction. In incisional wound model, biomechanical studies were carried out to indirectly determine structural organization of the healing wound. Results: BMMC/chitosan group showed significantly earlier wound closure compared to other groups (p=0.001). The biomechanical findings indicated that the parameters were significantly improved in the BMMC/chitosan group compared to other experimental groups (p=0.001). Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: BMMCs local transplantation could be considered as a readily accessible source of cells that could improve wound healing.

Objective: The purpose of present study was to obtain a complete understanding about anatomical features and echocardiography of Beluga (Huso huso) species in order to provide standard approaches for performing echocardiography on this sturgeon species. Design - Experimental study Animals -10 immature (2.5 years old) Beluga (Huso huso) Procedures- To perform echocardiography, Sonosite-MicroMaxx ultrasonography Machin and Linear Probe with a frequency of 6-12 MHz of ventral approach between two pectoral fins were used. Results-Four main parts of the heart were identified in investigations and the way of locating and connections of these parts were examined. Sinus venosus had a thin wall and leaned toward left. The atrium wall was characterized by connective tissue and muscle. There was a valve structure between Sinus venosus and atrium. The ventricle had a thick muscular wall with a two-layer appearance. Conus arteriosus leaned toward right. This part had three rows of valves including one distal row and two proximal rows with a certain distance between the distal row and the two proximal rows. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Since there has not yet been a complete study on the heart of Beluga species in the terms of ultrasonography and anatomy, the present study can be utilized as a basis for investigating other sturgeon species. In the present study, a standard approach has been provided to perform echocardiography on Beluga species.

Objective-Ovarian torsion must be diagnosed and treated as much early as possible. The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of interaperitoneal administration of curcumin on ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovaries. Design- Experimental Study Animals- Twent-four healthy female Wistar rats Procedures- Twent-four healthy female Wistar rats weighing approximately 260g were randomized into four experimental groups (n = 6): Group Sham: The rats underwent only laparotomy. Group I: A 3- hour ischemia only. Group I/R: A 3-hour ischemia and a 3-hour reperfusion. Group I/R/C: A 3-hour ischemia, a 3-hour reperfusion and 1 mg/kg interaperitoneal administration of curcumin 2.5 hours after induction of ischemia. Results-Curcumin treated animals showed significantly ameliorated development of ischemia and reperfusion tissue injury compared to those of other groups (P<0.05). The significant higher values of SOD, GPO and GST were observed in I/R/C animals compared to those of other groups (P<0.05). The damage indicators (MDA) was significantly lower in I/R/C animal compared to those of other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Interaperitoneal administration of curcumin could be helpful in minimizing ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovarian tissue exposed to ischemia.

Objective- The aim of this study was to obtain first time diagnosis of pregnancy and study of fetal development in different times of pregnancy period. Design- ?Descriptive study. Animals- 8 pregnant Markhoz goats. Procedure- 2D ultrasound was performed from day 25 to 130 of gestation, twice in week from day 25 to 70 and once in week from day 70 to 130 of gestation on eight goats. The ultrasonographic images were obtained Sonosite Titan (USA) 2D ultrasound machine. Results- On the 25th day of gestation, earliest diagnosis of pregnancy was done. On 37th day, clear pictures of conceptus, amniotic membrane, and umbilicus were seen. On 78th day of gestation, internal organs of fetus heart, kidney, liver, urinary bladder, and stomach was seen in image. The scrotum in the male fetus was identified on the 88th day of gestation. Between 115 and 130 days of gestation complete details of internal organs were seen in ultrasonographic images. Conclusions- The accuracy of ultrasound was 100% for detecting pregnant and non-pregnant cases. Conceptus changed its shape from 25 to 44 days of gestation, and full identifiable conceptus took its shape on day 44.

Objective - The objective of the present study was to assess effect of Propolis in combination with chitosan biofilm on excisional wounds. Design- Experimental Study. Animals- Male healthy Wistar rats. Procedures- Sixty-four rats were randomized into four groups of 16 rats each. Group I: Animals with wounds treated with 0.9% saline solution. Group II: Animals with wounds were dressed with chitosan biofilm. Group III: Animals with wounds were treated topically with Propolis and Group IV: Animals with wounds were treated topically with Propolis and dressed with chitosan biofilm. Wound size was measured on 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21days after surgery. Histological studies were performed on three time points of 7, 14 and 21 days post-wounding. Results- Planimetric studies and quantitative histological studies and mean rank of the qualitative studies demonstrated that there was significant difference (P < 0.05) between group IV and other groups. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- It was concluded that the Propolis with chitosan biofilm had a reproducible wound healing potential in excisional wounds in rats.

Objective - The aims of this study were to determine the approximate radiographic closure time of the growth plates of the fore and hind limbs of Marghoz goat as a small breed of goat is distributed over the western and North-West of Iran near to the Turkey and Iraqi borders and to compare these closure times with those previously published. Design- Experimental study Animals- 20 healthy Marghoz goats. Procedures- In order to study the fore and hind limbs, The 20 goats, which have been determined to be healthy by clinical examination, were divided into two groups (10 males, 10 females). They were selected from 10 days after their birth until the growth plates of anterior, posterior and back bones were closed. For the purpose of this study, the growth plates were classified as fully open and fully closed, in order of advancing fusion of the growth plate. Results- The earliest closure time of the proximal growth plate of male was detected in the 12th month of the study. The closure time of all growth plates in the forelimbs in females was fond to be ended in the 13th month and in males in the 16th month were closed; closure time of growth plates for hind limbs in females was in the 15th month and in male was in the 18th month. The latest closure took place in the 26 month and the study was terminated. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Radiological imaging is an effective method in demonstrating ossification centers and determining the age of epiphyseal closure.

Objective- Bone regeneration is a multifactorial phenomenon which contributed to several factors. It is reported that risedronate is effective for musculoskeletal diseases. The current study was to determine effectiveness of the risedronate-loaded nano capsules for calvaria healing in rabbit. Design- Experimental study. Procedures- 15 white adult male New Zealand rabbits were used. Four full-thickness skull defects were created in the calvarial bone. The first defect kept unfilled (control). The second was filled with nano risedronate capsules. The third hole was filled using an autogenous bone. The fourth hole was filled with nano risedronate capsules+ autogenous bone. At 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, inflammation level, bone vitality grade, bone type and foreign body were determined. Results- According to the results, the most inflammation was found in control and the lowest in the nano autograft (p<0.05). Bone formation in the nano autograft group was significantly faster after 4 weeks (p<0.05). Typical bone type II was observed in all of the groups. After 8 weeks, the grade II inflammation was detected in the control group (p<0.05). After 8 weeks, The highest grade of inflammation rate were seen as I and 0 in autograft and nano risedronate + autograft groups, respectively (p<0.05). After 12 weeks, grade III bone viability was higher in nano risedronate + autograft group compared to the autograft group (p<0.05). After 12 weeks, the positive foreign body was detected in control and nano groups. No foreign body was seen in nano risedronate + autograft and autograft groups. Conclusion and clinical relevance- The achieved results suggested have risedronate-loaded nano capsules have positive effects on bone formation and viability in calvaria healing in rabbit which be diminishing osteoclast activity improves bone formation.

Objective- This study was designed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum gel on cutaneous burn wound healing in diabetic rats. Design- Randomized experimental study Animals- Forty adult male rats Procedures- Two circular 1 cm cutaneous wounds were created in the dorsum back of each rat. 48 h post-burning, debridement with a 1 cm biopsy punch was performed. The wounds were divided into the following four treatment groups (n= 10, each): 1. Untreated or negative control (NC), 2. silver sulfadiazine (positive control-SSD), 3. base gel (BG) 4. Lactobacillus plantarum Gel (LP gel). The wound surface area and epithelialization were monitored. The animals were euthanized at 10 (n = 5), and 20 (n = 5) days post-injury (DPI) and the skin samples were used for histopathological, biochemical, TGF-ß gene expression and biomechanical investigations. Results- It was indicated that the L. plantarum and SSD treated lesions had the lowest percentage of wound size and collagen content and also the L. plantarum treated group showed shortest inflammatory period and highest amount of TGF-ß at 10 days post injury. The L. plantarum gel treated lesions also demonstrated greater ultimate load compared to the untreated and based gel treated wounds. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance- In conclusion, L. plantarum gel therapy improved wound healing and resulted in better outcomes after severe burn injury in diabetic rats compared with the silver sulfadiazine treatment.

Case Description- A 13 years old neutered female spitz dog was presented to the Small Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Tehran for appearance of a soft tissue mass in the interscapular region in about 9 months ago with a progressive increase in the size of the mass. Clinical Finding- The mass was solid, cold and non-painful in physical examination. Radiography, Computed tomography angiography and ultrasonography were performed for evaluation of the volume and angiogenesis of the mass. Treatment and Outcome- Treatment was consist of surgical excision of the mass. The patient was fine up to 6 months after surgery, then recurrence at the same site was observed, therefore the owner requested for euthanasia. Clinical Relevance- In this record, we presented diagnostic imaging characteristics of a mass presumed at the injection site in a dog. Few records have been published in veterinary literature about injection site tumors in dogs, however, there are plenty of those in relation with feline injection-site sarcoma (FISS).

Objective- The aim of this study was to test the repeatability, the variability, and to establish the reference values of PW measurements in healthy Markhoz goats. Design- Retrospective study. Animals- 20 female Markhoz goats. Procedure- Using a standardized PW Doppler echocardiographic protocol, 20healthy adult unsedated female Markhoz goats were investigated three times at one-day intervals by the same observer. Mitral, tricuspid, aortic and pulmonary flows were measured from a right parasternal view, and mitral and aortic flows were also measured from a left parasternal view. The difference between left and right side measurements and the intraobserver inter-day repeatability were tested and then the reference values of PW Doppler echocardiographic parameters in healthy adult female Markhoz goals were established. Results- As documented in other species, all caprine PW Doppler parameters demonstrated a poor inter-day repeatability and a moderate variability. Tricuspid and pulmonary flows were best evaluated on the right side whereas mitral and aortic flows were best obtained on the left side, and reference values are reported for healthy adult Markhoz goats. Conclusions- PW Doppler echocardiography allows the measurement of intracardiac blood flow indices in goats. The reference values establishment will help interpreting these indices of cardiac function in clinical cardiac cases and developing animal models for human cardiology research.

Case description- A five-year-old female dog, weighing 35 kg, was presented as an emergency case after it suffered a gunshot injury. Clinical findings - Physical examination of the dog revealed paraplegia, the symptoms were normal. There was no bone fracture and dislocation in the lower extremity examination. A bullet (diameter, 4 mm) between the third and fourth lumbar was observed on radiographic examination. Treatment and outcome- The bullet was about 4 × 7 mm long, which stuck between the longitudinal spine and carefully removed. In the examination of the spinal cord, the rupture was observed relatively in some longitudinal strands, and no necrosis was present in the site. After the surgery, the dog was discharged with a good condition. Clinical relevance- As a consequence, a precise evaluation of the gunshot injury to the spinal cord could not be achieved by imaging, which made a prediction of the prognosis difficult prior to surgery. Therefore, if imaging tests provide evidence of a direct impact on the spinal cord, surgery should be considered a primary method to prevent irreversible harm necrosis of the spinal cord.

Case Description- Twenty four cases of dogs and cats were presented for inability to move and/or getting up one of the legs while walking and leaning on the other. Clinical Findings-Physical and radiographic examinations revealed that the patients had coxofemoral luxation, hip dysplasia, comminuted acetabular fracture, avascular necrosis of femoral head and/or femur head fracture. Treatment and Outcome- The patients went under routine femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHO) surgery. A 3-4 weeks full postoperative management was applied. Serial follow up suggested that all patients were in excellent condition with no or insignificant and non-problematic lameness. Younger and small sized patients had better outcome. However immature patients are in risk of limb shortening due to excision of physis. Clinical Relevance- Although many studies have been published in FHO, anyone cannot found the applicable information and full postoperative management in an individual published paper. Hence, the purpose of this report was to provide applicable clinical information and offering a full medical and physiotherapy program. The authors’ offer, special aftercare table and seriously believe that this program will deliver a better outcome. The table includes antibiotic and analgesic therapy, physiotherapy program and other considerations.